The Struggles of a Couple in the Heart in Toronto

A very familiar scene from the poor areas of Toronto is upon the stage with piles of trash, a mistreated teddy bear and steel fences. In front of this decrepit background and the two park benches covered in coats of graffiti and anarchist icons, gather the melancholy of two kids and their inevitable struggles. Thus setting the stage for Moss Park, a new real-time play written by the acclaimed playwright George F. Walker who won many awards worldwide and directed by theater veteran Patrick McDonald in a co-collaboration project between Green Thumb Theater and Theater Passe Muraille. Moss Park is a grim look into Torontos decaying social landscape as the city has homeless people and rampant crime both organized and out of desperation. The†¦show more content†¦It has a high number of homeless and a greater number of drug addicts who have ruined themselves and others who are ignored by the system or abandoned by their families because of their special needs; people who have sch izophrenia, physical disabilities, psychological trauma, etc. These social and psychological issues are ever-present on the stage and the dialogue between Tina and Bobby. It came to my attention that there was a certain prop off to the far left side of the stage, in the overflowing trash can, a newspaper with prime minister Steven Harper giving a thumbs up. The irony and the political message is clear, the rich get richer and poor get poorer. This plague in our society that benefits those who already have the wealth or were given the opportunities to strive but those who are born in depravity cannot simply fix it or move on. If anything, Tina and Bobby were dealt terrible circumstances and do not have the proper support to raise their daughter Holly nor do they have the means to move on. Tina is pregnant again and Bobby displayed his excitement but was followed by a sudden revelations and tears, both of them have no jobs, no real money, no place to stay or food. Can she really affor d to have another child? She does not use the word abortion instead she uses the word kill, if there is no necessities present then she will have to get an abortion albeit she is against this decision as much as Bobby. George F.Show MoreRelatedBiography of Annie Prolux 993 Words   |  4 PagesHistory. In 1973 she attended Sir George Williams University of Montreal, where she graduated with a master’s degree in History. In 1983 and 1987 Proulx landed two stories in The Best American Short Stories. She published her first fictional book called Heart Songs and Other Stories, in 1988, followed by a novel, Postcards, in 1992. 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This experience gave bi rth to the story â€Å"A Very Short Story† as well as â€Å"FarwellRead MoreEssay on Social Structure2317 Words   |  10 Pagestogether. The main institution of society is the family or household which is broken up into thousands of units. Secondly, it will discuss the economic institution and its ties to the family. The use of labour power and how that effects the power struggle with the capitalist marketplace will also be discussed. Lastly, the political institution of government will be shown along with its relationships to the family and the families ability to create reform and change regulation. One of the main institutionsRead MoreFinal Fantasy to World of Warcraft: The Benefits of Video Games1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 21st century, society is noticing a drastic change in the new generation. Going outside has become a thing of the past for some and many parents struggle to get their children to stop playing video games. Submersed in the world of violent video games, society has started to scorn the idea of them. Though video games seem to have a lot of drawbacks, other parts of society encourage the development of video games. While many believe that video games are detrimental to society they actually holdRead MoreCommunication and Sexuality: How Sexuality Is Affected by Age2439 Words   |  10 Pagesmay have trouble sleeping, for example. They may also feel anxious or depressed, experience agitation, and even have hot flashes and moodiness (Tan, 2001). This is usually not as severe as the change experienced by women, but some men can really struggle with it. The p roblem with andropause and sexuality is two-fold. First, men do not want to talk about something having to do with their hormones, because that seems like a female problem. Second, many men do not realize that there is a male menopause

Natural Selection And The Theory Of Evolution - 1536 Words

Natural selection and The Theory of Evolution were just two of the things that Charles Darwin conquered through the exploration of The Galapagos Island. Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England. While Darwin was still in high school, his main interest was nature, he was especially interested in beetles. Darwin’s father, Robert Darwin, who was best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin, wanted Charles to become a doctor. Due to lack on interest in the medicine field, Charles went into Cambridge University to study for priesthood. His father, once again arranged for him to do that. Throughout all of this, Darwin continued to find interest in fossils, animals, and plants. As Darwin continued to find interest in these things, the exploration of the Galapagos Island was coming to place very soon. In 1831, Darwin convinced Captain Robert FitzRoy to let him join him aboard the H. M. S. Beagle as the ships naturalist. They first settled off from England in 1831 for a five year voyage, Charles Darwin had an ambition for scientific research. After exploring the coast of South America, The Beagle arrived in the Galapagos Islands, on September 15, 1835. During his visit to the Galapagos Island Darwin noticed that the creatures were similar from island to island, but they perfectly adapted to their environments which led him to wonder the origin of the islands inhabitants. The creatures that struck Darwin greatly were the finches that are now named inShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe theory of evolution by natural selection proposes that all species are related (Eade, S. and profile, V. 2014). There is estimated to be between 6 million and 100 million different species in the world, with more species undiscovered than those discovered; this is all owing to the concept of evolution (Borenstein, S. 2014). Evolution is defined as the â€Å"change in the characteristics of a species over many generations (Linstead, 2012).† The most widely accepted theory of evolution is natural selectionRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection965 Words   |  4 Pages The beginning of life on earth was always thought out as Gods creation and evolution was just a mystery in itself. Many people have always been interested in their origins and have found explanations using evidence that validates the story, but where is the proof? In 1859 a man by the name of Charles Darwin wrote a novel called the Origin of Species basically expressing the theory of evolution by natural selection. An extremely complicated story, but a very effective explanation of life as weRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1027 Words   |  5 PagesPart A: Evolution of Polar Bears Introduction The theory of evolution by natural selection (Darwinism), first formulated in Darwin s book On the Origin of Species in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits. Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and that have more offspring. The first three ideas were already under discussion among earlier and contemporaneous naturalistsRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1726 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussing Darwinian and Modern Evidence in Support to The Theory of Evolution by Natural selection Evolution is the gradual development of life on Earth. It is responsible for the unusual carnivorous plants (species such as Dionaea muscipula), the beautiful coloured plume of the male peacock, even the possibility of cells adapting to protect against continual low exposure to radiation (Russo, GL. et al 2012). Without it, the lavish diversity of organic life we interact with every day would be non-existentRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection926 Words   |  4 Pages Charles Darwin was the creator of Darwinism which is, â€Å"the theory of evolution by natural selection† (Junker 1). In school we are often taught that natural selection is survival of the fittest or the strongest wins. What seems to be a simple topic is actually one of the leading theories on the side of evolution in the highly controversial debate on Darwinism vs. Creationism. Darwinism states that certain genes in a population change through individuals. These â€Å"strong† genes are then produced moreRead MoreTheory Of Evolution By Natural Selection896 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. According to history, Charles Darwin is the first scientist to frame the theory of evolution by natural selection. It was publish in his book title On the Origin of Species 1859†. Darwin express the theory of evolution by natural selection as a process by which species change over a period of time. This change take place because of the changes in genetic and behavioral traits. The ability of the organisms to change over time or adjust to fit environmentalRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1692 Words   |  7 PagesDarwinian Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Background information Even though evolution is an ancient concept, Charles Darwin brought up a new idea focusing on naturalistic modification of a population over time. He believed that species differ over time and space. In other words, after a period of time creatures undergo genetic mutations in their genetic code in which the beneficial mutations are preserved and the disadvantage mutations are eliminated. This concept he termed as natural selectionRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection Essay1774 Words   |  8 Pagesinvariance and stability. Darwinism rejects all supernatural phenomena and causations. The theory of evolution by natural selection explains the adaptedness and diversity of the world solely materialistically. It no longer requires God as the creator or designer .Darwin pointed out that creation, as described in the bible and the origin accounts of other cultures, was contradicted by almost any aspect of the natural world. Randolph M. Nesse George C. Williams. Mayr believed that Lamarck did not holdRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1692 Words   |  7 PagesDarwinian Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Background information Even though evolution is an ancient concept, Charles Darwin brought up a new idea focusing on naturalistic modification of a population over time. He believed that species differ over time and space. In other words, after a period of time creatures undergo genetic mutations in their genetic code in which the beneficial mutations are preserved and the disadvantage mutations are eliminated. This concept he termed as natural selectionRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1486 Words   |  6 Pagesexplain the evolution of the word, where you may or may not find altruistic behaviours and most importantly it’s like to evolutionary theory. Evolutionary theory was developed by Charles Darwin and documented in his book ‘On the Origin of Species’ (1859). In it’s most simplistic terms it explains how and why animals, including humans, have changed and evolved over time to become the way they are. One of his more well known and supported theories illustrated in his book is the theory of evolution by natural

The Church of Latter-Day Saints Mormonism Free Essays

The topic of my research paper is the Mormon religion. Particularly the original form of the religion as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. With this paper I will answer the following questions as to where did the religion started, who were/are the main leaders and places of worship for the religion, are there any divisions or sects that are associated with the religion, how has the religion changed over time, and what does the future hold for this religion? To find my answers I searched many online articles, books, and magazine articles. We will write a custom essay sample on The Church of Latter-Day Saints: Mormonism or any similar topic only for you Order Now I found that the Mormon religion is a lot more complex than I believe many people think it is and there are many misconceptions made about the religion. Mormonism is not only a religion but a way of life for the people that call themselves LDS (Latter Day Saints). The religion was founded by Joseph Smith Jr. and has devout followers worldwide. â€Å"Mormonism, is the pure doctrine of Jesus Christ; of which I myself am not ashamed. † This quote by Joseph Smith summarizes how true and pure the follows of this religion believe it is.With this paper I will give a brief history of the Mormon religion and try to address key issues and topics surrounding this controversial religion. Joseph Smith established the Mormon religion in 1830 after a vision from God. He said that while praying in the woods God came to him in a vision and instructed him to start a new true religion. When God appeared, Joseph asked him what was the right religion to follow. â€Å"The Lord answered that he must join â€Å"none of them, for they were all wrong† and â€Å"all their creeds were an abomination in his sight. He said that they had a â€Å"form of godliness,† but they denied â€Å"the power thereof† (Ingleton,2005). With this new found understanding and the power of God’s words Joseph started The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The church was founded with just six followers to start; many of which were Joseph’s family members. (Ingleton, 2005) Three years after the First Vision, God sent Joseph a messenger to instruct him. The messenger, Moroni told Joseph of gold tablets that had the word of the Lord, the everlasting gospel written on them they were buried in the hills.Joseph found the templates and began translating them. The finished product would be known as the Book of Mormon. (Joseph Smith, Jr. Wikipedia) Joseph used the Book of Mormon as a secondary Bible. He still believed the words of the Bible but this was what came after the times described in the Bible. He did believe although that this was a better version of the Bible from God. He states, â€Å"I told the brethren that the Book of Mormon was the most correct of any book on earth, and the keystone of our religion, and a man would get nearer to God by abiding by its precepts, than by any other book. (McConkie, 1959) He began to preach to people using the Book of Mormon as his basis. Many were not happy with Joseph’s ideas and they drove him and his people out of the east. Joseph claimed the only place the Mormon faith would survive is in the mountains. He said he had a vision of a place they would call Zion and he would lead his people there. With his teachings he drew the attention of a man named Brigham Young. Brigham Young studied the Book of Mormon for two years before he was convinced that this was the one true book and religion.Therefore, after Joseph Smith died Brigham felt compeled to carry out the vision of Joseph Smith. Young was the one who lead the people to find the Zion in what is now Salt Lake City, UT in search of religious freedom. This is where the Mormon religion has been based since July, 1859 when the settlers petitioned for statehood. (Joseph Smith Jr. Wikipedia) Joseph Smith had visions of a Holy Temple that would be built at the Zion where his people could worship without religious persecution and God had commanded he build the House of God. Four days after entering the Salt Lake Valley on 24 July 1847, Brigham Young designated where the temple would be built, and on 6 April 1853, he laid the cornerstone of the temple foundation. That event marked the beginning of a long construction process. Work on the temple stretched from years to decades until finally, 40 years after it was begun, the temple was completed and dedicated on 6 April 1893† (Abanes, 2003). The Church now has many temples, or Houses of God. The Latter Day Saints view building these temples as the fulfillment of the prophecy found in Malachi 3:1. Abanes, 2003) â€Å"As of Dec 2008, there are 129 Temples in operation, 9 temples under construction, and an additional 8 temples announced for construction in the near future. These figures give a grand total of 146 Temples that will be or are in operation in the near future† (Abanes, 2003). The temples differ from the church meeting houses that are used for weekly worship. They are only used for special occasions such as endowment ceremonies and marriages to be sealed. A weekly meeting house or church can be found every few blocks. There is one church or meetinghouse for every ward.A ward consists of 200 to 500 active church members that live within a reasonable distance from the meetinghouse (Abanes, 2003). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) is technically considered a type of Christian religion. Mainly this is because they believe in God and his son Jesus Christ. Beyond that their beliefs differ and the LDS follow different religious leaders. There are many prophets of God, such as Joseph Smith that the church looks to for guidance. These prophets also serve as Presidents of the Church and direct the affairs of the Church.There have been sixteen church Presidents since the beginning of the LDS Church. There isn’t a term to their presidency and many remain President until their death. The current President is Thomas S. Monson and he has served as the Church President since 2008 (Mormonism, Wikipedia). There are many sects associated with the original Church of Christ of Latter-day Saints. Before migrating to the Utah Valley the church split into a few different groups because they didn’t believe in some of Joseph Smith’s practices such as plural marriage. The largest of these, the Community of Christ (originally known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), was formed in Illinois in 1860 by several groups uniting around Smith’s son, Joseph Smith III.Most denominations existing today that follow the teachings of Joseph Smith, Jr. have some historical relationship with the movement. † There were five main denominations of the LDS Church which include, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. But none of these have caused quite the stir as the most recent denomination that split from the Church of Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1935. FLDS, Wikipedia) The split occurred largely because of the LDS Church’s renunciation of polygamy and its decision to excommunicate practitioners of plural marriage, who woul d not discontinue the practice. The current headquarters can be found in Eldorado, Texas where the FLDS Church built their temple. The FLDS have been in the news in recent years surrounding the controversy of the polygamy practiced by their members. Not only were they marrying multiple women but they would marry women that were under age.The youngest bride of the leader of the FLDS was just 14 years old. As you can imagine, this caused many people to look upon the Mormon faith in a negative way. Polygamy is no longer practiced within The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or its other sects. The only group to follow this way of teaching that stems from Joseph Smith are the FLDS. (FLDS, Wikipedia) This is just one of the changes that have taken place over time within this religion. The LDS religion as we know it today is very widespread due to the increasingly large numbers of missionaries.Every boy at the age of eighteen is encouraged to go on a mission trip for two years. This makes up a large portion of the missionaries. Also now that there are temples it is favorable of the LDS member to be married and sealed together in the temple. Tithing is a big part of the Church as well. You are to give one-tenth of the money you earn to the church to help build up the church and spread the Lord’s word (Oakes,1994). The changes that have taken place in the church are all for the benefit of a growing religious community. The future of this religion looks bright.On the cover of the November, 2007 issue of US News World Report was an article about the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the growing popularity of the Mormon religion. One of the article’s main points is the remarkable growth of the Utah-based religion, and the interesting observation that the emergence of Mormonism represents the first world-wide invention of a new religion since the prophet Mohamed gave the world Islam. Among the article’s more remarkable statements is a prediction about the growth in Church membership.It says: â€Å"If current trends hold, experts say Latter-day Saints could number 265 million worldwide by 2080, second only to Roman Catholics among Christian bodies. Mormonism, says Rodney Stark, professor of sociology and religion at the University of Washington, â€Å"stands on the th reshold of becoming the first major faith to appear on Earth since the prophet Mohammed rode out of the desert† (Sheler, 2007). With this prediction I feel it is safe to say that this may become one of world religions that students in the future will study more closely in their World Religion classes. How to cite The Church of Latter-Day Saints: Mormonism, Papers

The Osage Orange Tree Peer Pressure Essay Example For Students

The Osage Orange Tree Peer Pressure Essay Peer Pressure in The Osage Orange Tree The Osage Orange Tree by William Stafford tells a story of how peer pressure kept 2 people apart who wanted to like each other. The narrator of the story liked one of his classmates but was afraid to show that he liked her. He didnt have the maturity at the beginning of the story to go against peer pressure. Peer pressure was involved with Evangeline being shunned because she was poor. Her faded blue dress set her apart from the rest of the students. SHe only had two dresses. The narrator stated, she had changed from the dark heavy dress to the dull blue of the last fall (370). The narrartor described her house as gray and lopsided (374). Her house had no running water. There was a grayish white place on the ground where the dishwater had been thrown out (374). Probably none of the students were wealthy in the story, but Evangeline was poorer than most of the Students. Peer pressue dictated that Evangeline should be avoided. She was avoided by the others because she was different. She was standing near the corner looking everywhere but at the crowd (369). The narrator himself said, I might talk to her, I thought. But of course it was out of the question (371). The author didnt talk to her at school but he would at the tree. The next day at school I didnt ask whether her father wanted to take the paper(370). He was afraid to be seen with her. The narrator asked himself, could anyone in the house have been watching. I looked back once(370). Peer pressure prevented the narrator from socializing with Evangeline at school. Sometimes peer pressue involves people making fun of each other. Although the narrator never made fun of Evaneline, other people did. She was made fun of with such comments as, Why look at Evangeline- that old dress has a new belt. Stop a minute Evangelin, let me see you new dress. It is cute dear (372). The narrator never came to the defense of Evangeline when those remarks were being made. Due to peer pressure and lack of maturity, the narrator in The Osage Orange Tree missed an opportunity of permanently befriending Evangeline. Evangeline was poor, avoided, and made fun of. It is not until the conclusion of the story that the writer discovers how much Evangeline lked him. She stole from her bank to purchase newspapers from the narrator (373) in order to have an excuse to visit with him every day. He discoverd too late that the newspapers were thrown under the bridge and never actually read by her father. .

How Domestic Violence Affects Children free essay sample

Violence Affects Children It has been well documented that children exposed to domestic violence suffer many forms of trauma, particularly children who witness violence inflicted by one parent on the other parent. To begin, Domestic Violence is typically not about one incident of actual violence but a sustained pattern of abusive behaviors and attitudes that may escalate over time. Threatening words and gestures become part of a pervasive atmosphere of fear. The intimidation is frequently life threatening. (Groves 2006) It is called domestic because it involves a family, a home or household, or a partner. It could be any member of the family or household that is practicing the violent behavior. Either way, the children involved will be extremely affected. It is widely assumed that if a child is very young they will not remember any violence they experienced at this age. It is believed that time will erase the memories, if the child is under a certain age. We will write a custom essay sample on How Domestic Violence Affects Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is the reason that in the past most of the research done about domestic violence and juveniles refer to older children. However, in research done in the past few years, infants and toddlers have shown signs that they are affected by being exposed to violence as much as older children. Violence knows no class, ethnic, race, age, or geographic boundaries so it does not discriminate against which child it will affect. (Groves, 2006) Furthermore, juveniles in violent homes have been called the â€Å"forgotten,† â€Å"unacknowledged,† â€Å"hidden,† â€Å"unintended,† and â€Å"silent† victims. They have received insufficient attention for far too long. There is a growing recognition that living with or growing up in an atmosphere of domestic violence can have detrimental effects on the juveniles concerned. Said juveniles will exhibit more adjustment difficulties’ than juveniles from non-violent homes. Radford, 2008) Domestic Violence can affect development and lead to emotional, social, physical, behavioral problems, and criminal conduct in the juveniles exposed. Now to take a closer look at how Domestic Violence may affect children in each of the aforementioned areas, how the community and police are involved, and conclude wi th some ideas on how to help repair the damage done. First we will start with physical problems that can arise in children from exposure to domestic violence. Physical problems caused by Domestic Violence can start as early as birth with some juveniles. One might ask, â€Å"How could that be possible? Well it is possible if a woman is being battered while she is pregnant. These attacks represent a form of ‘double intentioned violence’ as they incorporate both acts of woman abuse and child abuse. (Kelly, 1994) The abuse could cause developmental problems with the fetus. The baby could be born with birth defects or distress due to abuse. Domestic Violence is a risk factor for preterm delivery and low birth weight in infants. (Fernandez amp; Krueger, 1999) There are a plethora of issues that can come from having a baby prematurely, including low birth weight, underdeveloped organs, and death. At the same time, infants, toddlers and adolescents can also develop physical problems from domestic violence. Some children cope with their circumstances by not eating or over eating. This can cause major issues with their physical health. For example, the child could develop Juvenile Diabetes or they could begin to suffer from malnutrition. It is also possible that these juveniles may turn to hurting themselves or participating in dangerous play. An example of this would be playing with knives or matches and/or cutting or burning themselves. Doing these things could be an outlet the juvenile uses to cope. Self mutilation is a growing trend among trouble kids. There are more and more cases developing every day. (Fowler and Hilsenroth, 1999) Another angle to look at, concerning the physical problems with juveniles exposed to domestic violence, is if the juveniles are also being battered. If this is the case then the same person that is battering a parent will more than likely be the one that batters the child. Imagine the hurt and shame a child would feel that is being beaten. Confusion as to why this is happening would probably be at the front of the child’s mind. They don’t know that the domestic violence perpetrator may abuse the child as part of their violence against their partner or to control him or her. (Radford amp; Hester, 2006) This could prove to be fatal for the child. One factor that has been found to be closely related to juvenile aggression is the quality of the interactions among family members. Research indicates that violent interactions within the family encourage subsequent aggression and violence, not only within the family, but also in other social contexts. (Elrod amp; Ryder, 2011) Next to be discussed are the emotional problems that domestic violence can create. Many juveniles will blame themselves for what is happening in their home. They believe that if they somehow could just act a little better or be a little more helpful, everything will get better. They feel guilty that they can’t protect the battered parent. They are very disturbed by the conflict of love and hate that they feel toward the parent that is battering. They deal with constant sadness and feelings that they are unworthy. These children are very cautious and worried because they don’t know when the next act of violence will occur. Exposed children may become nervous, and fidgety. Sensitiveness to noise and elevated talking levels is another possibility. (Groves, 2002) There is nothing they can do to stop or calm the situation. Crying is a frequent and almost involuntary action when the violence is taking place. Feelings of anxiousness are not far behind. Also, the worry of friends finding out what is happening at home looms over them. Then, juveniles can become socially affected by domestic violence. Some juveniles hold in their feelings and they are consumed from the inside out with grief and sorrow for their family or situation. Juveniles involved in domestic violence may allow others to harm them or take advantage of them for fear of confrontation. Some will have problems believing in themselves or others. Some juveniles become withdrawn and depressed. They don’t feel worthy of being around others or having a good time. Others, will desire to get as far away as possible. The desire to go places and spend time at other people’s houses may become intense. Spending as much time as possible away from home is how some juveniles deal with the pressure. Being around â€Å"normal† families and households becomes a life force. They don’t easily make friends because they are ashamed and would not want anyone coming to their house. Simultaneously, while all of that is happening, changes to the juvenile’s behavior are slowly taking place. A lot of juveniles actually become violent themselves. They lash out at other children. Throwing tantrums may also happen. Violence is how the juvenile may feel that everything needs to happen. They feel that if the family abuser used this method to gain control, then it is a feasible way for them to get the same effect. Exposed juveniles could possibly become bullies or will not participate in anything. They become problems for their teachers and other students. They disrupt class and are labeled as juvenile delinquents. In some cases this makes the juvenile feel alone and in search of belonging. This opens the door for gangs and criminal activity. To some youth, gangs feel more like a family than their own. They feel as if they belong to something. The criminal activity that they engage in gets attention and praise from the gang members, which in turn makes the juvenile feel wanted. For many youths, gangs hold the promise of economic and social opportunities. (Elrod amp; Ryder, 2011) These juveniles then become a problem for the police and the community, recklessly committing crimes and becoming public nuisances. Once in the gang it is hard for them to get out. How could this have possibly be avoided? What could the parents, police, and community have done to alter this outcome? The first thought is that the abused parent should have removed him/her self from the environment. This is easier said than done in most cases. Juveniles are all too frequently exposed to domestic violence. Early intervention can be a powerful tool in helping these vulnerable children put their lives back together and breaking the cycle of violence. Since police are the first to respond, when they see that a juvenile is involved, they should contact Child Protective Services or a Social Services worker. Traditional policing practices are generally focused upon apprehending and gathering evidence on perpetrators and have overlooked the service needs of these children. In contrast, the philosophy of community oriented policing is consistent with looking beyond investigation and arrest and including law enforcement in serving the needs of citizens. However, police alone cannot help these juveniles. In a number of community oriented policing departments around the country, law enforcement has partnered with community service providers to identify and help children exposed to domestic violence. (ABA Report, 2002) After someone intervenes and provides assistance, follow-ups must be done to assure that the child’s needs are being met. As far as the community and school systems are concerned, if there is cause for concern it must be acted on. It is better safe than sorry. If one hears or see a child being abused, the police or CPS should be called. In school, it is the staff’s responsibility to notify someone if a child is always hungry, dirty, or bruised. Also, if they are constantly having accidents this is a sign. The school counselor should be asked to step in and speak with the child to assess the situation. Again, after the initial step in, some follow-up must be done. With all this in mind what should be done to help the juvenile bounce back from all the pain and confusion of domestic violence. Counseling would be the first step in helping the child to heal. They need to talk with someone who they feel they can open up to.

Dead Mens path Essays

Dead Mens path Essays Dead Mens path Paper Dead Mens path Paper In China Achebes story Dead mens Path conflict occurs between religious beliefs and modern beliefs. Obi fail to achieve his goal because he didnt respect villagers beliefs. Obi did not believe in villagers traditions he tried to stop and which resulted into a conflict between villagers and Obi. Obi believes that path is the change that has to be done. Respect others beliefs and traditions and dont force a change. This short story starts off with Michael Obi being appointed to become a headmaster for Undue Central School. It was a challenge because the school had always been unprepossessing. Michael Obi had a passion for modern methods. One day Michael Obi saw a lady from the village walk right across the school compound when he sees that he tells a teacher It amazes me that you people allowed the villagers make use of this footpath the teacher replies the path appears to be very important to them and it connects the village shrine with their place of burial. The head master Obi closes the path because of what the Government Education Officer might say. Mr.. Obi tempts to take a big part of villagers beliefs. Once Mr.. Obi takes away the path the religion strikes at him by showing some kind of karma (the lady giving birth dies). Mr.. Obi is ignorant in the others beliefs, he Is highly educated so hes arrogant about what he believe, he believes he knows more than the villagers. Obi also believed everyone should live in a modern way, he never considered that villagers wished to live as their ancestors did. Obi ended up failing his goal to change the school, the Government Education Officer didnt like what he had done to the school. The villagers had also torn the place apart so It looked even worse than before. Obi ended up losing his Job. Villagers choose to stand up for their traditions than to become modernized. In my story ending Obi gave up on the village, he was naive; he could not understand the connection between the villagers and the path. He was too modernized. The villagers did fight back when Blob first tried to take the path from them. It caused a huge conflict where he almost lost his wife. Obi knew the villagers didnt want to change their traditions and they were going to fight for what they lived In so he let It be. He Just quit the Job and moved on. You cant always have It your way Is the theme to my story ending. Dead Mens path By Monkeys dies). Mr.. Obi is ignorant in the others beliefs, he is highly educated so hes arrogant The villagers had also torn the place apart so it looked even worse than before. Obi modernized. The villagers did fight back when Obi first tried to take the path from believed in so he let it be. He Just quit the Job and moved on. You cant always have it your way is the theme to my story ending.

The American Public is deeply divided on a range of social, economic, Essay

The American Public is deeply divided on a range of social, economic, and political issues - Essay Example Another issue that is depicted in American society is the fact that the public is divided can be brilliantly depicted through the issue of homosexuality. Many Americans feel that gay marriages should not be approved. However, many feel that with society progressing, homosexual marriages should be upheld and should be treated as a typical marriage between a man and wife. Political The second reason why this statement is true is due to the fact that American politics is because of the fact that America is a â€Å"melting pot.† The reason why Americans differ in these issues within is because of the wide array of backgrounds, cultures, and adversities that Americans have faced. Thus, diversity is the main factor that serves as a catalyst for this division. For instance, the clash between political groups is a consistent testament of this issue. Democrats and Republicans as fueled by American opinions represent the two sides of how a government should operate. Politics in public A merican policy represent the two egos of the American public. The initiation of political parties can be traced be back during the 1824 era in which the Republican Party was formed. On one side, the Democrats, who are in the liberating front and continue to call for social progress and challenge the status quo through taxation and more government involvement. Consequently, the Republican Party tends to oppose reform by propagation for status quo. These two major parties have dominated the American politics since many decades. Undoubtedly, the ideological polarization has increased throughout American society not only amongst individuals, but also amongst government officials. Political parties are groups of individuals that collaborate for the purpose of choosing public candidate in public office. Although the constitution mentions nothing about parties, the Americans have solidified their difference through the channels of political parties. Moreover, the organization of the struct ure contains no specifications of party formations. As a matter of fact, George Washington, in his farewell addressed American citizens as he states, â€Å"However [political parties] may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion.† Clearly, the American nation should have foreseen this warning that created an internal clash of conflicts within the nation. Economical Another key testament that the American public is divided into majority of the issues is due to the legislation that is enacted on a regular day basis on an economical basis. Interest groups are so dominant in American society for both sides of the issues that it creates an environment of division within the public. For instance, economic Interest groups dictate the legislation. The U.S Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers dominate the lobbying sphere by influencing congress to lower tariffs, assist corporations through tax breaks, and induce the concept of laissez-faire. Trade associations along with labor movements dominate the entire industry that influences legislation.

Law Enforcement Response to School Violence Essay

Law Enforcement Response to School Violence - Essay Example This includes elementary school, colleges and even universities. This means that the child is prone to violence in school regardless of which level of education he is at. Some people view this phenomenon as a manifestation of the failing standards of the public health. It is a form of antisocial behaviors that could have originated earlier in the life of the child. It continues to young adulthood. School violence takes place when the youth, or the child, takes these anti social behaviors to the school. It comes in many forms. The child may bully his school mates. He might use physical violence and even weapons on his victims. The child in school can be the perpetrator or the victim of this act. He may also be a mere victim. Whichever way you look at it, the child is the most affected by school violence. School violence has many effects. It can result to death or even persisting effects like trauma. That is the reason why society has always tended to respond to this phenomenon. One such kind of response is the application of law enforcing techniques. This is mainly by the authorities concerned, may it be the school or police authorities. There are various ways to determine whether violence is school based or not. It has to meet certain thresholds for it to be labeled school violence. It has to occur on the school property (Guthner, 2002). Alternatively, it could have occurred on the way to the learning institution. When it takes place on the way to or from a school sponsored occasion, it can also be called school violence (Malinowski, 2003). In looking at the law enforcement response to school violence, we will look at how they respond to both the victim and the perpetrator. The school administration is the first line of response to school based violence (Kimberly, 2004). This involves the teachers and the school security apparatus. Remember that school violence can be perpetrated by the students or from an outsider to the school. Then the other fall back is the law administrators. There are various ways to respond to this form of violence. There is the strategy that is used when the violence has already taken place. This is called the intervention strategy. 0It includes evacuation of the victim. The victim of violence is taken to a medical facility. This is if he had acquired injuries (Russell, 2005). The school should be having a medical facility on the property. This is a dispensary or a school based health provider. This goes a long way to save the life of the victim. Arrangements could be made to take the victim to a professional doctor using ambulance or any other form of school transport. Counseling is very important if there is evidence that the victim could have experienced psychological problems. The perpetrator is then taken by the school administration for interrogation. It is the responsibility of the administration to find out why the perpetrator resorted to violence. If he is a student, counseling or expulsion from the school are some of the strategies employed by the school administration. He is apprehen ded by the school administration if he is from outside the school. Another response is to prevent the occurrence of the violence (Tonkin, 2006). This includes the process of identifying sources of threats and neutralizing them. The law enforcers should be

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Business ethics - Essay Example The latter was a conspiracy to fix price but against which Virgin Atlantic blew an early whistle to stop prematurely. As one will notice, airline industry is full of stiff competition that takes all forms of unethical practices despite heavy fines that perpetrators are usually aware of (Fisman et al., 2005, p. 56). Ethical theories have majorly made general observations that the foundation of ethics is motivate by human desire to do good. It is a desire to good in the sense that the wish and the necessary action to accompany the wish are not usually mutually inclusive. Ethics therefore comes out as a concern on the way in which people apply moral principles to life. In other words, ethics is concerned with what s just, fair or acceptable by applying the fundamental that guide societal values. Business ethics is therefore guidelines that come out of concerns on how best a firm should relate with the society in a manner likely to promote the principles of justice and responsibility. Justice and responsibility come in the sense that business as a legal entity in its name or in the shareholders name, has a duty to make sure that its pursuit for profits is not motivated greed (Bob, 2006, p. 23). Business ethics therefore act to ensure that elements in business external environment are used in a manner likely to sustain their continued existence without any harm. Such a duty involves having to care for the environment and the community in which the business interacts with in the course of its daily activities. One should also note that business ethics also guide how a business firm will operate internally. In short, ethics in business is about applying all the values, principles, and regulations with the aim of being responsible to the welfare of the public (Hsieh, 2009, p.259). Business ethics is important majorly because it offers guidelines on how best

Economic and monetary union

Economic and monetary union Identify and discuss the costs and benefits of joining the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)? Do the benefits outweigh the costs? Thesis Statement The Economic Monetary Union has been the centre of prolonged debates as to whether a country joining it will either create benefits or drawbacks. During the course of this analytical report, both costs and benefits will be identified and explained in order to judicate the feasibility of joining the EMU and a specific country will be chosen to illustrate this further. Introduction To understand the concept behind the creation of the Economic Monetary Union, the overall objective of the European Union must firstly be understood. Since the end of the World War II, European political forces have been attempting to unite forces in order to escape the extreme forces of nationalism which were seen as unsustainable. Industries were evolving and beginning to compete globally, international trade throughout the globe expanded at an exponential rate and some felt it had to be regulated in order to maximise the gains achievabe. As a result, the European Union was set up in 1993 with X. Its primary principles are of a single market with no barriers to trade in goods and services or to capital and labour movements, competition and social policies, co-ordinated macroeconomic policy and a harmonised fiscal policy. In order to regulate these aspects effectively the EU set up a body named the Economic Monetary Union. This was seen as potentially a contender to the widely trade d and valued US dollar and as the solution to deepening the integration of the European Union. The EMU is characterised by the following policies, policy harmonisation to remove barriers to improve mobility, a common monetary policy which states there is one interest rate and exchange rate policy determined by the Central Bank, fixed exchange rates via the single currency and the pooling of foreign exchange reserves. The evolution of the EMU began in the late 1980s and was characterised by three stages set out by the Delors Report in 1993. The first stage was devoted to ensuring all member states participation in the Exchange Rate Mechanism and improved policy co-ordination and the removal of barriers to capital flows. The second stage consisted of the creation of the European Monetary Institute (EMI) and central banks becoming independent from their national governments (January 1994). Finally the last stage involved fixing the participating currencies and creating the European System of Central Banks which takes over the responsibility for monetary and exchange rate policies and finally the Stability and Growth pact came into force by January of 1999 to ensure member states that do not comply to the EMU principles are fined or sanctioned. During this evolution in 1992 twelve countries signed the Maastricht Treaty, which fundamentally was the root of the introduction of the Euro. During 1992 and 1997 the convergence criteria was set out which stated that in order for a country to join it must have a low and stable inflation, stable exchange rates and stable public finances and by 1999 the countries officially joined the EMU. However as the Euro could not be introduced overnight, there was a transition period in order to allow the member states to adapt to the new currency and after three years, by 2002, the euro was officially the single currency for all European union member states. Initially the transition period was considered a triumph by European Union members, but as individuals (mainly economists) observed the evolution, many critics are still debating whether joining the EMU and endorsing the euro brings success or just adds to the ever amounting issues each member states are already experiencing. This topic will be thoroughly explored throughout the course of this analytical report and a balanced argument will be drawn from the information available as to whether the EMU carries with it primarily, benefits or costs to a member state joining. The Economic Monetary Union is considered to be one of the major steps in integrating a before divided Europe, as people and businesses could begin moving and trading freely as trade barriers were removed, the currency becomes more stable, financial markets are integrated, the cost of exchanging currencies was eliminated, transaction costs reduced and theoretically increased competition between countries which is a driving factor in keeping prices low and productivity high which is both favourable for consumers and businesses. These benefits must be more deeply explored in order to comprehend the extent to which they have aided success or deepened the intricate network in Europe. The success of the EMU has been difficult to quantify as its revolutionary principles have only been recently enforced, however the theoretical benefits are supposed to be more easily identifiable in the long run as more member states join and European integration is extended to particularly the eastern European community. Debra Johnson and Colin Turner state that one of the major benefits, the elimination of transaction costs in intra-EU trade, have only saved 0.5% of the EUs GDP and that SMEs which predominantly serve local markets, will not benefit extensively from this. However as successful SMEs usually have high exports they can expect a favourable return from the introduction of the Euro. The EMU is also responsible for the lowering of interest rates. Various studies suggest that decentralised fiscal policies cause a bias in inflation and public spending (Sibert 1992, Levine 1993, and Levine and Brociner 1994) and therefore are in favour of the co-ordinated fiscal policies in a monetary union. The single European market can bring numerous benefits to a joining country such as the price transparency. It is still considered too early to quantify precisely the degree to which it has helped and many argue that the EMU must speed up the price convergence through enabling consumers to compare prices across member states more easily. This in turn could facilitate a lowering or raising in in labour costs and could change supply patterns resulting in a more stabilised and fair souricng of resources for firms and possibly improve equality throughtout the European union. These benefits are possibly achievable but have not yet been completely achieved as these processes take time and co-operation and some believe these are not present in todays European society as the recession has caused political and financial instability. The EMU has the potential to create extraordinary gains for the member states but these will not be visible or quantifiable in the near future as it is a timely process of evolution, this therefore poses a risk of not only time consumption but also of resources both nationally and individually and along with the few drawbacks of joining the EMU, critics believe the EMU is not the optimum choice for certain countries in Europe. The drawbacks of joining the EMU are considered to not outweigh the benefits by the majority of observers but still must be considered thoroughly before joining a revolutionary body which causes a country to enter a short-term of deflation, the loss of the exchange rate tool which is considered a tool of national economic policy, the potential problems related to a lack of ‘real convergence and potential policy conflicts and finally the inappropriateness of one monetary policy for many states. These will be analysed and explored in order to conclude whether these outweigh the benefits even considering the majority of parties disagree. The main risk of joining the EMU is the differences in trade cycles between countries, this is one of the core reasons as to why the UK is yet to join. European countries have differing economic statuses and languages, which fundamentally are essential in permitting countries to maximise the gains achievable from a single currency. It is therefore argued that more attention needs to be given to how economies can enhance their factor mobility to balance out the differences found in differing countries. Cohesion funds are the possible solution to the problem but today there are still great differences across the member states in terms of economic performance and labour mobility. This raises the legitimate question whether one monetary policy can fit all member states. The globe today is experiencing an economic recession which is highlighted one of the major issues with joiing the Economic Monetary Union as governments from member states are obliged through the stability and growth pact to keep to the Maastricht criteria meaning they cannot regulate or alter fiscal and monetary policies in order to alleviate the problems arising from a receeding economy. Countries would not be able to devalue to boost exports, to borrow more to boost job creation or to decrease taxes because of the public deficit criterion. The most debated issue with joining the economic monetary union is the loss of national sovereignty. This would result in more established and developed states having to co-operate with the less stable and strong economic countries which are more tolerant to higher infation rates. Finally, the last drawback of joining the EMU is the initial cost of introducing the single currency. This issue is mainly debated in the UK as the British Retailing Consortium estimated that British retailers will have to pay between  £1.7 billion and  £3.5 billion in order for the Euro to be introduced. However it is argued that the one off cost does not outweigh the long-term benefits obtainable from the policies and regulation and that if more countries join the EMU these benefits will be amplified even further. Robert Mundell and Abba Lerner(1960s) believed in a currency area. This is a group of countries that maintain their separate currencies but fix the exchange rates between themselves permanently (Nello, 2009:205). The optimal currency region (OCR) is the idealistic view that an entire region sharing a single currency can benefit extensively the efficiency of the member states economies. It states the optimal characteristics needed for a successful economic integration to occur. These are optimal labour mobility across the region, openness with capital mobility and price and wage flexibility across the region and an automatic fiscal transfer mechanism to redistribute money to areas/sectors which have been negatively affected by the first two characteristics. Supportive Evidence The UK has the worlds fourth largest economy and the EUs second largest and is consequently one of the primary targets of speculation as to whether the benefits outweigh the costs of joining the EMU. In 1999, The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown said that although the government supported the principle of a single currency, Britain would not join. This decision was based on various factors that could have caused rifts in the country. In terms of trade it was seens as unfeasible to join because the UK has the lowest level of intra-EU trade and therefore is more vulnerable to fluctuations in external countries. The UK is vulnerable compared to the rest of the EU counties to potential unfavourable interest rates set by the Central Bank because it has one of the highest percentages of home owners potentially leaving British mortgage holders in a state of crisis. Another characteristic that lead the UK to not favour the joining of the EMU is its position as an oil producer and ex porter meaning it is harshly affected by changes in oil prices, however as the quantity of oil diminuishes at an ever expanding rate and the gradual transition to more sustainable energy resources means that this is not as important as it was when the EMU was introduced a decage ago. These issues are feasible arguments to the absence of the UK in joining the EMU however as the countries that have joined the EMU continue to attract foreign direct investments, the UK has been threatened by foreign investors that the Eurozone is becoming a more attractive zone to trade with because of its increased stability. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development released information on the World Investment Report in the form of a bar graph clearly illustrating the downward trend of inward FDI of the UK compared to the general upward trend of the countries with the EMU. As clearly illustrated by figure 1.0, the UK continued to attract FDI from 1992 until 2000, where it increased five-fold from 20 billion in 1992-1997 to almost 120 billion U.S dollars in 2000. However by 2003 this figure drastically fell to below 20 billion, which was less that it was almost ten years before. Whilst France, Netherlands, Spain and Ireland all either increased or stabilised by 2000 and resumed until 2003. This is further evidence that the UK should consider joining the EMU, in order to guarantee long-term success. As more countries join, currently 26 today, the EMU is ever closer to achieving an optimal currency area (Mundell, 1973) creating, idealistically speaking, a perfectly harmonized economy and resulting in countries flourishing. Conclusion In a perfect world, the EMUs potential benefits would be endless but due to unforeseeable fluctuations in economies, labour mobility, and personal matters it is difficult to quantify the benefits and costs of joining the EMU. Especially with the recent economic downturn the risk of joining the EMU has been even more re-considered by certain countries especially the U.K. However these drawbacks are limited and do not outweigh the vast benefits achievable from embracing a single currency and single European market as it would guarantee to a certain extent the long-term success of a country as harmonization and stabilisation will cause consumers to be given better prices and businesses to trade more efficiently creating a, arguably, more competent country. Establishment of the Maastricht Treaty which was signed by twelve countries in 1992, which set out the convergence criteria, ultimat The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 established a single currency, the euro, and on January 1st 2002, the EMU began using the euro.The EMU was created in 1992 It has stringent conditions and objectives which countries have to meet via signing the Maastricht Treaty. With joining the EMU, the euro must be endorsed and therefore the monetary policies become the responsibility of the European Central Bank and national central banks of member states. Essentially they are co-ordinating the monetary and fiscal aspects of the member countries. Sovereignty

Role of Women in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn – Role of Women Throughout history women have been subject to sexual discrimination based on being the physically weaker gender and thus leading to society's negative view of women, there is no exception to the stigma cast on women in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. During the novel every character portraying a woman shows society's view on the role on women. The issue of sexism was never questioned by Mark Twain, which leads to another question--- how can such a powerful novel dealing with such a heated topic like racial prejudices remain totally neutral and bypass altogether sexual inequality? One reason Twain may have overlooked the sexism of the time was because he too gave into society's connotation of women's roles. Olivia Clemens, his wife, was very much like Sally Phelps. She was dependent on her husband and served with no other true purpose in life than to run a house and bear children. But, did Twain look over sexism or support it? He may have had issues with women due to his own marriage. His wife never produced a healthy son, and she was always sickly. The dependent Olivia was even thought to hinder his ability as a writer. So were the roles of women purposely placed in the novel to support his own opinions of women in the home? Miss Watson plays into society's rules and regulations. "Miss Watson, a tolerable slim old maid, with goggles on, had just come to live with her, and took a set at me now, with a spelling book. She worked on me middling hard for about an hour, then the wido made her ease up. I couldn't stood her much longer." (The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain, page 2) The word spinster came into common use during the early 19th century when the thankless task of spinning cloth had been pushed off to unmarried women as a way to earn their keep in the home (O'Brien, 1973). Miss Watson is the image of everything an old maid stands for. Contemporary use of the word conjures up a mental image of a childless, frumpy, middle-aged woman who is somewhat depressed, and is longing to be like other "normal" women.

Zara Project

Product classification of Zara †¢ Most clothing are classified as an â€Å"durable good† as they are used up slowly, †¢ Clothing doesn’t need to be disposed of after being worn once, but rather could be cleaned and reword until a tear within the seams or a stain kills it, or ultimately it goes out of style [pic] Product Lifecycle Due to the clothing industry is mainly backed behind by what is â€Å"cool† or â€Å"hip† to date, clothing often needs to refresh its look in order to attract customers to purchase the product †¢ Many clothing brands including Zara would refresh its new look to attract customers by refreshing its line of clothing such as push out new garments that have a certain style that was popular at the time and this process of refreshing a line of clothing is never stopping Branding †¢ Zara uses an â€Å"one brand name everywhere† concept †¢ No matter within which country it possess the name in Zara †¢ T he brand â€Å"Zara† is recognized in over 1700 stores in 89 countriesPackaging †¢ Within most clothing store like Zara, packaging is basically non-existent †¢ The lack of packaging is due to the company wanting the customers to be able to feel the material used for the product and able to try it on †¢ If both the material and style is favourable to the customer, there is a higher chance of a transaction being made http://marketingmixx. com/marketing-plan-2/200-marketing-plan-of-zara. html http://www. slideshare. net/gunbal/zara-7936993 http://www. forbes. com/sites/lydiadishman/2012/03/23/the-strategic-retail-genius-behind-zara/ http://blogs. ubc. ca/conradchan/2011/09/16/zaras-marketing-strategy/

President James Monroe Fast Facts

President James Monroe Fast Facts James Monroe (1758-1831) was a true American Revolution hero. He was also a staunch anti-federalist. He was the only person to have served as the Secretary of State and War at the same time. He easily won the election of 1816 with 84% of the electoral vote. Finally, his name is forever immortalized in Americas foundational foreign policy code: The Monroe Doctrine.   Following is a quick list of fast facts for James Monroe.For more in depth information, you can also read the: James Monroe Biography Birth: April 28, 1758 Death: July 4, 1831 Term of Office: March 4, 1817-March 3, 1825 Number of Terms Elected: 2 Terms First Lady: Elizabeth Kortright James Monroe Quote: The American continents . . . are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. - From the Monroe DoctrineAdditional James Monroe Quotes Major Events While in Office: First Seminole War (1817-1818)Convention of 1818 (1818)Florida purchased from Spain - Adams-Onà ­s Treaty(1819) Missouri Compromise (1820)Cumberland Road Bill (1822) Monroe Doctrine (1823) States Entering Union While in Office: Mississippi (1817)Illinois (1818)Alabama (1818)Maine (1820)Missouri (1821) Related James Monroe Resources: These additional resources on James Monroe can provide you with further information about the president and his times. James Monroe BiographyTake a more in depth look at the fifth president of the United States through this biography. Youll learn about his childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration. War of 1812 ResourcesThe fledgling United States needed to flex its muscle one more time to convince Great Britain it was truly independent. Read about the people, places, battles, and events that proved to the world America was here to stay. War of 1812 TimelineThis timeline focuses on the events of the War of 1812. Revolutionary WarThe debate over the Revolutionary War as a true revolution will not be resolved. However, without this struggle America might still be part of the British Empire. Find out about the people, places, and events that shaped the revolution. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the Presidents, Vice-Presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: James MadisonJohn Quincy AdamsList of American Presidents

Get Dissertation Help

Get Dissertation Help Get Dissertation Help How to Get Dissertation HelpWhen students set to writing a dissertation, they may get lost because this kind of work is practically unknown to them. They may feel helpless because they may not see, for example, the difference between essay and dissertation. While writing a dissertation many problems may arise, such as, for example, inability to manage ones time in a proper way. So in this paper you will find some useful tips on where you can look for dissertation help.Primarily, the first person to address is your supervisor. He or she will assist you during your work on your dissertation, so do not hesitate and ask your tutor when any questions arise. Dissertation help, provided by your supervisor, can include the following:assistance in choosing a topic, which will be interesting for you;planning interim deadlines of the work;creating a plan of work for you to meet the final deadline;monitoring your progress etc.It would be good if you could access the past dissertations, similar to the kind you are asked to write. They can be a useful source of dissertation help, because from them you can learn about the structure, size and methodology used.Your fellow students can provide you with some dissertation help too. They may not know the subject of your dissertation, but discussing your work with them you can evaluate your progress and check if your way of thinking is right. Discussing your dissertation with other students may be of great help too, because due to sharing your ideas with your friends you can assess your progress in comparison with others. And, which is also very important, sharing your thoughts and ideas about your dissertation will make you more confident.The last but, not the least source of dissertation help is internet, of course. In educational sites you will find some useful tips on how to manage your time, plan your work, what methods are preferable considering your topic etc. To sum it up, keep in mind that, though all kinds of dissertatio n help may be very useful, dissertation is an individual kind of work, showing your knowledge, abilities and talents. Of course, in your search for dissertation help keep in mind that there are always limits to any assistance. So try to do your best and make it as independently as possible, than working on your dissertation will surely become an exciting experience of your students life.

What Companies Can Learn From The Enron Case and The Impact of the Essay

What Companies Can Learn From The Enron Case and The Impact of the Enron Case - Essay Example The corporation was formed with the merger between two natural gas pipeline corporations, namely Houstan Natural Gas and Internorth Inc. After the merger, the position and corporate image of Enron Corporation improved by a large extent thereby enhancing its productivity and profitability among others in the market of the US. In the year 1989, Enron Corporation became one of the largest gas suppliers of the United States and United Kingdom (UK) with approximately sixty thousand kilometers of gas pipelines (American-Business, 2011). The prime objective of Enron Corporation was to position itself as an inventive as well as a prominent leader in the sector of natural gas of the US. Apart from these, Enron also extended its services in other sectors namely water, fiber optics, newsprint and telecommunications among others. Enron Corporation was quite succesful in its business operations, as its revenue enhanced approximately from US$ 9 billion in the year of 1995 to about US$ 101 billion in 2000 (Dharan & Bufkins, n.d.). It was as a result of enormous international and domestic expansions but the entire amount was cloaked from the shareholders through affiliations with other concerns (Drennan, 2008). Unfortunately, the brand image of Enron Corporation declined due to planned book-keeping fraud known as ‘Enron scandal’and illegal loans. ... It may include prevarication or alterations of accounting records in order to attain an illegal financial benefit. Thus, it can be clearly revealed that it is an example of corporate internal fraud as the board members and management of the organisation were entirely involved in this case of conspiracy (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, 2009). This type of fraud not only hampers organisational distinctiveness but also its culture, employees, ‘corporate social responsibilities’ and ethics. Hence, it can be affirmed that if the pillars of the busuiness are affected then it can not sustain in the long run among others in the market. Thus, it proved rather detrimental for Enron Corporation thereby fading its name from the market of the US. Fraud Conducted in Enron Enron Corporation was regarded as one of the fastest emerging and best controlled business organisations in the market of the US, but it could not retain its corporate image for the long run. The prime reason was due to the accounting scandal which resulted at the end of the year 2001. It was finally revealed that the fraud resulted in deterioration of its financial situations bringing about downfall of position and reliability among others in the market of the US. As a result, customer loyalty as well as market share was also affected to a large extent (IWS, 2002). Due to varied financial discrepancies, Enron Corporation finally filed a bankruptcy case on 2nd December in the year 2001. The prime suspects of Enron’s internal fraud were namely Kenneth Lay, Andrew Faston, Michael Kopper, Jeffrey Skilling, J. Clifford Baxter and Arthur Andersen, among which most of them were the directors of the organisation (Drennan, 2008). The fraud resulted due to the

Cystic fibrosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cystic fibrosis - Essay Example It is possible that several hundred different mutations of the gene exist than can cause cystic fibrosis. The gene was discovered in 1989. The underlying defect stems from a mutation in a gene on the long arm (q) of chromosome 7. The protein product acts as a chloride channel. It is called the cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This controls the cellular transport of sodium chloride and water. It is inherited and is a recessive gene. Some may be unique to certain families so testing of families in which the disease is present may yield results that will help to determine the specific mutation. People having this disease in the past were not expected to live long enough to reach adulthood but improved diagnoses and treatment now allows them to live even beyond fifty years of age. The usual form of death is from respiratory failure. In normal people chloride the chloride and sodium that is presented in sweat are reabsorbed by epithelial cells in the sweat dust as the sweat finds its way to the surface of the skin. In people with cystic fibrosis the defective gene inhibits the reabsorbing of chloride and sodium ions resulting in an excess of sodium chloride or very salty sweat. In normal people, the function of respiratory tract epithelial cells is to transport chloride ions into the lumen thereby maintaining the adequate hydration of mucus. In the respiratory tract of persons with cystic fibrosis there is a reduction of the secretion of sodium ions and water caused from the inability of epithelial cell membranes to influence the hydration of mucus. Consequently the mucus becomes very thick. This mucus affects the clearance of irritation and micro-organisms from the lungs. The following events occur in the lungs. Genetic testing is now available. Cells are collected from inside the cheek of patients and then examined for the

Financial Reporting and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial Reporting and Analysis - Essay Example These spreadsheets should be common-sized and the figures compared to the company. The Balance Sheet helps to plot company's next year's profitability and what company's future business wealth will be by evaluating company's present year's Balance Sheet, and comparing with last year. To improve company's financial performance, the company needs to evaluate the major Balance Sheet components - Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. The company owns assets, such as cash, equipment, and property, to increase the company 's business profitability and future wealth. Return on Assets (ROA) compares Net Income and Total Assets to show how much income has been generated worth of the company's assets. The company's assets can be improved by evaluating each asset category to identify room for improvement and to manage company's inventory and collect accounts receivable better and faster. The important thing to remember for loan consideration is that if company's business experiences large variances in assets during last two year, ROA is to be calculated using an average of the assets over the period being evaluated When purchased, inventory is an asset recorded on the Balance Sheet. ... Managing Inventory Company's business manages inventory has an impact on both profits and cash flow. When purchased, inventory is an asset recorded on the Balance Sheet. At any given time, assuming a customer wants it, company can sell inventory to regain cash. One way to evaluate how well inventory is being managed is to look at the Inventory Turnover ratio. This ratio tells how many times the average level of inventory is sold, or turns over, during the year. The ratio should be used to compare company's own trends and to compare to the industry's averages. High turnover is generally good. High turnover, however, may also indicate that there is not enough merchandise, and sales are being lost. The important thing to remember is that if companion's business experiences large variances in inventory during the year, calculate Inventory Turnover using an average of the inventory over the period being evaluated Collecting Accounts Receivable Accounts Receivable describes money due from customers for products or services already sold.Liabilities Liabilities have an important supporting role that is vital to the creation of a healthy cash flow. The more cash a company has and the longer it can hold on to it, the better. One way to secure more cash and other assets is through the proper use of Liabilities. Liabilities are categorized as either short-term or long-term debts, called Current or Long-Term Liabilities Current Liabilities Current Liabilities are bills or loan payments due within the next business cycle, usually a year. The primary Current Liabilities are Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses, and Short-Term Notes Payable. Several ratios, called Liquidity ratios, are used to measure a company's ability to pay its short-term bills, also called

Blind and Vision Impairment Essay Example for Free

Blind and Vision Impairment Essay Millions of Americans have the tendency to confuse being vision impaired as being blind but in all actuality they are different. This summary will break down the different components of blindness and vision impaired highlighting the components of the two. Blindness: When a person is legally blind their visual acuity is 20/200 or worse in the better eye with corrective lenses (20/200 means that a person at 20 feet from an eye chart can see what a person with normal vision could see at 200 feet). Visual field restriction to 20 degrees or less (tunnel vision) in the better is another component to blindness. An individual who suffers from advanced glaucoma, retinal degenerations, and neurologic disorders usually qualify under this criterion. Legal blindness is very common in older people because eyesight tends to worsen with time and age. Approximately 135 out of every 1,000 people over the age of 65 are considered legally blind. About 1. 3 million Americans fall into this category. Only about 10% of legally blind people read Braille, and a much smaller percentage use white canes or guide dogs. Vision Impairment: Visual Impairment or Vision Impairment is vision loss that constitutes a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from disease, trauma, or a congenital or degenerative condition that cannot be corrected by conventional means, including refractive correction, medication, or surgery. Partially sighted indicates some type of visual problem, with a need of a person to receive special education in some cases. Low vision generally refers to a severe visual impairment, not necessarily limited to distance vision. Low vision applies to all individuals with sight who are unable to read the newspaper at a normal viewing distance, even with the aid of eyeglasses or contact lenses. They use a combination of vision and other senses to learn, although they may require adaptations in lighting or the size of print, and sometimes, Braille. Common phrases used with vision impairment is near-sighted or short-sighted, the correct term is Myopic which is unable to see distant objects clearly. Another common phrases used with vision impairment is far-sighted or long-sighted; the correct term is Hyperopic which is unable to see close objects clearly.

Ssis Is An In Memory Pipeline Computer Science Essay

Ssis Is An In Memory Pipeline Computer Science Essay Since SSIS is an in-memory pipeline, one has to ensure that transactions occur in the memory for performance benefits. To check if your package is staying within memory limits, one should review the SSIS performance counter Buffers spooled. This has an initial value of 0. Any value above 0 is an indication that the engine has started disk-swapping activities. Capacity planning to understand resource utilization In order to understand resource utilization it is very important to monitor CPU, Memory, I/O and Network utilization of the SSIS package. CPU It is important to understand how much CPU is being utilized by SSIS and how much of CPU is being utilized by overall SQL Server while Integration Services is running. This latter point is very important, especially if you have SSIS and SQL Server on the same box, because if there is resource contention, SQL Server will surely win that will result into disk spilling from Integration Services resulting in slower transformation speed. The performance counter that should be monitored is Process / % Processor Time (Total). One should measure this counter for both sqlservr.exe and dtexec.exe. If SSIS is not close to 100% CPU load, then this indicates: Application contention For e.g. SQL Server takes more processor resources, makes it unavailable for SSIS Hardware contention Probably a suboptimal disk I/O or not enough memory to handled the amount of data to be processed Design limitation The SSIS design is not making use of parallelism, and/or the package has too many single-threaded tasks Network SSIS moves data as fast as your network is able to handle it. Hence, it is important to understand your network topology and ensure that the path between the source and destination have both low latency and high throughput. Following performance counters can help you tune the topology: Network Interface / Current Bandwidth Provides estimate of current bandwidth Network Interface / Bytes Total/Sec The rates at which bytes are sent and received on each network adapter Network Interface / Transfers/Sec How many network transfers per second are occurring. If the number is close to 40,000 IOPs, then get another NIC card and use teaming between the NIC cards Input / Output (I/O) A good SSIS package should hit the disk only when it reads from the sources and writes back to the target. But if the I/O is slow, reading and especially writing can create a bottleneck. So it is very important to understand that the I/O system is not only specified in size (like 1 TB, 2 TB) but also its sustainable speed (like 20,000 IOPs). Memory The key counters to monitor memory for SSIS and SQL Server are as follows: Process / Private Bytes (DTEXEC.EXE) amount of memory currently used by Integration Services that cannot be shared with other processes Process / Working Set (DTEXEC.EXE) amount of allocated memory by Integration Services SQL Server: Memory Manager / Total Server Memory amount of allocated memory for SQL Server. This counter is the best indicator of total memory used by SQL, because SQL Server has another way to allocate memory using the AWE API Memory / Page Reads/sec total memory pressure on the system. If this consistently goes above 500, it is an indication that the system is under memory pressure Baseline Source System Extract Speed It is important to understand the source system and the speed at which data can be extracted from it. Measure the speed of the source system by creating a simple package that reads data from some source with the destination that says Row Count Execute this package from the command line and measure the time it took for it to complete the task. Using Integration Services log output, you can measure the time taken. Formula to be used: Rows/Sec = RowCount / Time Based on the above value, you can judge the maximum number of rows per second that can be read from the source. To increase the Rows/Sec calculation, you can perform one of the following operations: Improve drivers and driver configurations: Ensure you are using the up-to-date driver configurations for the network, data source and disk I/O. Start multiple connections: To overcome limitations of drivers, you can start multiple connections to your data source. If the source is able to handle many concurrent connections, the throughput will increase if you start several extracts at once. If concurrency causes locking or blocking issues, consider partitioning the source having your packages read from different partitions to more evenly distribute the load Use multiple NIC cards: If network is the bottleneck and you have ensured you are using gigabit network cards and routers, then a potential solution is to use multiple NIC cards per server. Optimize SQL data source, Lookup transformations and Destination Here are some optimization tips that you can implement in your SSIS packages: Use NOLOCK or TABLOCK hints to remove locking overhead Refrain from using SELECT * in SQL queries. Mention each column name in the SELECT clause for which data needs to be retrieved If possible, perform datetime conversions at source or target databases In SQL Server 2008 Integration Services, there is a new feature of shared lookup cache. During the use of parallel pipelines, it provides high-speed, shared cache If Integration Services and SQL Server run on the same box, use SQL Server destination instead of OLE DB Commit size 0 is fastest on heap bulk targets. If you cannot use 0, use the highest possible value of commit size to reduce overhead of multiple-batch writing. Commit size = 0 is bad while inserting into BTree because all incoming rows must be sorted at once into the target BTree, and if the memory is limited, there is a likelihood of spill. Batchsize=0 is ideal for inserting into a heap. Please note that a commit size value of 0 might cause the running package to stop responding if the OLE DB destination and another data flow component are updating the same source table. To ensure that the package does not stop, set the maximum insert commit size option to 2147483647 Use a commit size of Heap inserts are typically faster than using a clustered index. This means it is recommended to drop and rebuild all the indexes if there is a large part of the destination table getting changed. Use partitions and partition SWITCH command. In other words load a work table that contains single partition and SWITCH it into the main table after the indexes are build and then put the constraints on Network tuning Packet size is the main property of the network that needs to be monitored / looked at in order to take decisions for Network tuning. By default this value is set to 4,096 bytes. As noted in SqlConnection.PacketSize property in .Net Framework Class Library, when the packet size is increased, it will improve performance because fewer network read and write operations are required to transfer a large data set. If your system is transactional in nature, lowering the value will improve the performance. Another network tuning technique is to use network affinity at the operating system level to increase the performance at high throughputs. Use Data Type wisely Following are some best practices related to usage of data types: Define data types as narrow as possible Do not perform excessing casting of data types. Match your data types to the source or destination and explicitly specify data type casting Take care of precision when using money, float and decimal data types. Money data type is always faster than decimal and has fewer precision considerations than float. Change the design Following are some best practices related to SSIS design: Do not SORT within Integration Services unless absolutely necessary. In order to sort the data Integration Services allocates memory space for the entire data set that needs to be transformed. Preferably, presort the data before hand. Another way to sort the data is by using ORDER BY clause to sort large data in the database. There are times where using Transact-SQL will be faster than processing the data in SSIS. Generally all set-based operations will perform faster in Transact-SQL because the problem can be transformed into a relational algebra formulation that SQL Server is optimized to resolve. Set-based UPDATE statements these are more efficient than row-by-row OLE DB calls Aggregation statements like GROUP BY and SUM are also calculated faster using T-SQL instead of in-memory calculations by a pipeline Delta detection is a technique where you change existing rows in the target table instead of reloading the table. To perform delta detection, one can change detection mechanism such as the new SQL Server 2008 Change Data Capture (CDC) functionality. As a rule of thumb, if the target table has changed > 10 %, it is often faster to simply reload than to perform the delta detection Partition the problem For ETL design, partition source data into smaller chunks of equal size. Here are some more partitioning tips: Use partitioning on your target table. Multiple versions of the same package can be executed in parallel to insert data into different partitions of the same table. The SWITCH statement should be used during partitioning. It not only increases parallel load speed, but also allows efficient transfer of data. As implied above, the package should have a parameter defined that specifies which partition should it work on. Minimize logged operations If possible, used minimal logged operations while inserting data into your target SQL Server database. When data is inserted into a database in fully logged mode, the size of the log grows quickly, because each row that is written in the database is also written to the log. Therefore, consider the following while designing SSIS packages: Try to perform data flows in bulk mode instead of row by row. This will help minimize the number of entries to the log file. This eventually results into less disk I/O hence improving the performance If for any reason you need to delete data, organize the data in such a way that you can use TRUNCATE instead of DELETE. The later places an entry of each row that is deleted into the log file. The former will delete all the data and just put one entry into the log file If for any reason partition need to be move around, use the SWITCH statement. This is a minimally logged operation If you use DML statements along with your INSERT statements, minimum logging is suppressed. Schedule and distribute it correctly Good way to handle execution is to create a priority queue for your package and then execute multiple instances of the same package (with different partition parameter values). This queue can be a simple SQL Server table. A simple loop in the control flow should be a part of each package to: Pick a relevant chunk from the queue Relevant means that is not already been processed and that all chunks it depends on have already executed Exit the package if no item is returned from the queue Perform work required on the chunk Mark the chunk as done in the queue Return to the start of the loop Picking an item from the queue and marking it as done can be implemented as a stored procedure. Once you have the queue in place, you can simple start multiple copies of DTEXEC to increase parallelism. Keep it simple Unnecessary use of components should be avoided. Here is one of the way to avoid it: Step 1: Declare the variable varServerDate Step 2: Use ExecuteSQLTask in the control flow to execute a SQL query to get the server datatime and store it in the variable Step 3: Use the dataflow task and insert/update database with the server datatime from the variable varServerDate This sequence is advisable only in cases where the time difference from Step 2 to Step 3 really matters. If that does not matter, then just use the getdate() command at Step 3 as shown below: Create table #Table1(t_ID int, t_date datetime) Insert into #Table1(t_ID, t_date) values(1, getdate()) Executing a child package multiple times from a parent with different parameter values While executing a child package from a master package, parameters that are passed from the master package should be configured in the child package. Use the Parent Package Configuration option in the child package to implement this feature. But for using this option, you need to specify the name of the Parent Package Variable that is passed to the child package. If there is a need to call the same child package multiple times (each time with a different parameter value), declare the parent package variables (with the same name as given in the child package) with a scope limited to Execute Package Tasks. SSIS allows declaring variables with the same name but the scope limited to different tasks all inside the same package. SQL Job with many atomic steps For the SQL job that calls the SSIS packages, create multiple steps, each performing small tasks rather than one step that performs all the tasks. Creating one big step, the transaction log grows too big and if a rollback takes place, it make take the full processing space of the server. Avoid unnecessary typecasts Avoid unnecessary typecasts. For e.g., flat file connection manager, be default, uses the string [DT-STR] data type for all columns. You will have to manually change it, if there is a need to use the actual data type. It is always a good option to change it at the source-level itself to avoid unnecessary type casting. Transactions Usually, ETL processes handle large volume of data. In such scenarios, do not attempt a transaction on the whole package logic. SSIS does support transactions, and it is advisable to use transactions. Distributed transaction that span across multiple tasks The control flow of an SSIS package threads together various control tasks. In SSIS it is possible to set a transaction that can span into multiple tasks using the same connection. To enable this, set value of the retainsameconnection property of the Connection Manager to true Limit the package name to maximum of 100 characters When a SSIS package with a package name exceeding 100 characters is deployed in SQL Server, it trims the package name to 100 characters, which may cause an execution failure. SELECT * FROM Do not pass any unnecessary columns from the source to the destination. With the OLEDB connection manager source, using the Table or View data access mode is equivalent to SELECT * FROM tablename, which will fetch all the columns. Use SQL Command to fetch only required columns and pass that to the destination. Excel source and 64-bit runtime Excel Source or Excel Connection manager works only with the 32-bit runtime. Whenever a package that uses Excel Source is enabled for 64-bit runtime (by default, this is enabled), it will fail on the production server using the 64-bit runtime. Go to solution property pages debugging and set Run64BitRuntime to FALSE. On failure of a component, stop / continue the execution with the next component When a component fails, the property failParentonFailure can be effectively used either to stop the package execution or continue with the next component execution in the sequence container. The constraint value connecting the components in the sequence should be set to Completion. Also the failParentonFailure property should be set to FALSE. Protection To avoid most of the package deployment error from one system to other, set the package protection level to DontSaveSensitive Copy pasting script component Once you copy-paste a script component and execute the package, it may fail. As a work-around, open the script editor of the pasted script component, save the script and then execute the package. Configuration filter Use as a filter As a best practice use the package name as the configuration filter for all the configuration items that are specific to a package. This is typically useful when there are so many packages with package specific configuration items. Use a generic name for configuration items that are general to many packages. Optimal use of configuration records Avoid using the same configuration item recorded under different filter / object name. For e.g. there should be only one configuration record created if two packages are using the same connection string. This can be achieved by using the same name for the connection manager in both the packages. This is quite useful at the time of porting from one environment to other (like UAT to Prod). Pulling High Volume data Process of pulling high volume is represented in the following flowchart: The recommendation is to consider dropping all indexes from the target tables if possible before inserting data especially when the volume inserts are high. Effect of OLEDB Destination Settings Certain settings with OLEDB destination will impact the performance of the data transfer. Lets look at some of them: Data Access Mode This setting provides fast load option, which internally uses BULK INSERT statement for uploading data into the destination table. Keep Identity By default this setting is unchecked which means the destination table (if it has an identity column) will create identity values on its own. On checking this setting, the dataflow engine will ensure that the source identity values are preserved and same value is inserted into the destination table. Keep NULLs By default this setting is unchecked which means default value will be inserted (if the default constraint is defined on the target column) during INSERT into the destination table if NULL value is coming from the source for that particular column. On checking this option, the default constraint on the destination tables column will be ignored and preserved NULL of the source column will be inserted into the destination column. Table Lock By default this setting is checked and the recommendation is to let it be checked unless the same table is being used by some other process at the same time. Check Constraints By default this setting is checked and recommendation is to have it unchecked if you are sure the incoming data is not going to violate constraints of the destination table. This setting indicates that the dataflow pipeline engine will validate the incoming data against the constraints of target table. Performance of data load can be improved by unchecking this option. Effects of Rows per Batch and Maximum Insert Commit Size settings Rows per batch The default value for this setting is -1 which means all incoming rows will be treated as a single batch. If required you can change this to a positive integer value to break all incoming rows into multiple batches. The positive integer value will represent the total number of rows in a batch Maximum insert commit size Default value for this setting is 2147483647 which means all incoming rows will be committed once on successful completion. If required, you can change this positive integer to any other positive integer number that would represent that the commit will be done for those specified number of records. This might put an overhead on the dataflow engine to commit several times, but on the other side it will release the pressure on the transaction log and save tempdb from growing tremendously especially during high volume data transfers. The above two settings are mainly focused on improving the performance of tempdb and transaction log. Avoid Synchronous/Asynchronous transformations While executing the package, SSIS runtime engine executes every task other than data flow task in defined sequence. On encountering a data flow task the execution of the data flow task is taken over by the data flow pipeline engine. The dataflow pipeline engine then breaks the execution of the data flow task into one ore more execution tree(s). It may also execute these trees in parallel to achieve high performance. To make things a bit clearly, here is what an Execution Tree means. An Execution tree starts at a source or an asynchronous transformation and ends at a destination or first asynchronous transformation in the hierarchy. Each tree has a set of allocated buffer and scope of these buffers is associated to this tree. Also in addition to this every tree is allocated an OS thread (worker-thread) and unlike buffers other execution tree may share this thread. Synchronous transformation gets a record, processes it and passes it to the other transformation or destination in the sequence. The processing of a record does not dependent on the other incoming rows. Since synchronous transformations output the same number of rows as the input, it does not require new buffers to be created and hence is faster in processing. For e.g., in the Derived column transformation, a new column gets added in each incoming row, without adding any additional records to the output. In case of asynchronous transformation, different number of rows can be created than the input requiring new buffers to be created. Since an output is dependent on one or more records it is called blocking transformation. It might be partial or full blocking. For e.g., the Sort Transformation is a fully blocking transformation as it requires all the incoming rows to arrive before processing. Since the asynchronous transformation requires additional buffers it performs slower than synchronous transformations. Hence asynchronous transformations must be avoided wherever possible. For e.g. instead of using Sort Transformation to get sorted results, use ORDER BY clause in the source itself. Implement Parallel Execution in SSIS Parallel execution in allowed by SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) in two different ways by controlling two properties mentioned below: MaxConcurrentExecutables this property defines how many tasks (executable) can run simultaneously. This property defaults to -1, which is translated to the number of processors plus 2. In case, hyper-threading is turned on in your box, it is the logical processor rather than the physically present processor that is counted.  For e.g. we have a package with 3 Data Flow tasks where every task has 10 flows in the form of OLE DB Source -> SQL Server Destination. To execute all 3 Data Flow Tasks simultaneously, set the value of MaxConcurrentExecutables to 3. The second property named EngineThreads controls whether all 10 flows in each individual Data Flow Task get started concurrently. EngineThreads this property defines how many work threads the schedule will create and run in parallel. The default value for this property is 5. In the above example, if we set the EngineThreads to 10 on all 3 Data Flow Tasks, then all the 30 flows will start at the same time. One thing we want to be clear about EngineThreads is that it governs both source threads (for source components) and work threads (for transformation and destination components). Source and work threads are both engine threads created by the Data Flows scheduler. Looking back at the above example, setting a value of 10 for Engine Threads means up to 10 source and 10 work threads each. In SSIS, we dont affinitize the threads that we create to any of the processors. If the number of threads surpasses the number of available processors, it might hurt the throughput due to an excessive amount of context switches. Package restart without losing pipeline data SSIS has a cool feature called Checkpoint. This feature allows your package to start from the last point of failure on next execution. You can save a lot of time by enabling this feature to start the package execution from the task that failed in the last execution. To enable this feature for your package set values for three properties CheckpointFileName, CheckpointUsage and SaveCheckpoints. Apart from this you should also set FailPackageOnFailure property to TRUE for all tasks that you want to be considered in restarting. By doing this, on failure of that task, the package fails and the information is captured in the checkpoint file and on subsequent execution, the execution starts from that tasks. It is very important to note that you can enable a task to participate in checkpoint including data flow task but it does not apply inside the data flow task. Lets consider a scenario, where you have a data flow task for which you have set FailPackageOnFailure property to TRUE to participate in checkpoint. Lets assume that inside the data flow task there are five transformations in sequence and the execution fails at 5th transformation (assumption is that earlier 4 transformations complete successfully). On the following execution instance, the execution will start from the data flow task and the first 4 transformations will run again before coming to 5th one. It is worth noting below points. For loop and for each loop do not honor Checkpoint. Checkpoint is enabled at only control flow level and not at data level, so regardless of checkpoint the package will execute the control flow/data flow from the start in a case of restart. If package fails, checkpoint file, all server configurations and variables values are stored and also point of failure. So if package restarted, it takes all configuration values from checkpoint file. During failure you cannot change the configuration values. Best practices for logging Integration Services includes logging features that write log entries when run-time events occur and can also write custom messages. Logging, to help you in auditing and troubleshooting a package every time it is run, can capture run-time information about a package. For e.g., name of the operator who ran the package and the time the package began and finished can be captured in the log. Logging (or tracing the execution) is a great way of diagnosing the problem occurring during runtime. This is especially very useful when your code does not work as expected. Not only that, SSIS allows you to choose different events of a package and components of the packages to log as well as the location where the log information is to be written (text files, SQL Server, SQL Server Profiler, Windows Events, or XML files). The logging saves you from several hours of frustration that you might get while finding out the causes of problem if you are not using logging, but the story doesnt end here. Its true, it helps you in identifying the problem and its root cause, but at the same time its an overhead for SSIS that ultimately affects the performance as well, especially if you are excessively using logging. So the recommendation here is to use logging in a case of error (OnError event of package and containers) . Enable logging on other containers only if required, you can dynamically set the value of the LoggingMode property (of a package and its executables) to enable or disable logging without modifying the package. You can create your own custom logging which can be used for troubleshooting, package monitoring, ETL operations performance dashboard creation etc. However the best approach is to use the built-in SSIS logging where appropriate and augment it with your own custom logging. A normal custom logging can provide all the information you need as per requirement. Security audit and data audit is out of scope of this document. To help you understand which bulk load operations will be minimally logged and which will not, the following table lists the possible combinations. Table Indexes Rows in table Hints Without TF 610 With TF 610 Concurrent possible Heap Any TABLOCK Minimal Minimal Yes Heap Any None Full Full Yes Heap + Index Any TABLOCK Full Depends (3) No Cluster Empty TABLOCK, ORDER (1) Minimal Minimal No Cluster Empty None Full Minimal Yes (2) Cluster Any None Full Minimal Yes (2) Cluster Any TABLOCK Full Minimal No Cluster + Index Any None Full Depends (3) Yes (2) Cluster + Index Any TABLOCK Full Depends (3) No (1) It is not necessary to specify the ORDER hint, if you are using the INSERT à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ SELECT method, but the rows need to be in the same order as the clustered index. While using BULK INSERT it is necessary to use the ORDER hint. (2) Concurrent loads are only possible under certain conditions. Only rows those are written to newly allocated pages are minimally logged. (3) Based on the plan chosen by the optimizer, the non-clustered index on the table may either be fully- or minimally logged. Best practices for error handling There are two methods of extending the logging capability, Build a custom log provider Use event handlers We can extent SSISs event handler for error logging. We can capture error on OnError event of package and let package handle it gracefully. We can capture actual error using script task and log it in text file or in a SQL server tables. You can capture error details using system variables System::ErrorCode, System::ErrorDescription, System::SourceDescription etc. If you are using custom logging, log the error in same table. In some cases you may wish to ignore it or handle the error at container level or in some cases at task level. Event handlers can be attached to any container in the package and that event handler will catch all events raised by that container and any child containers of that container. Hence, by attaching an event handler to the package (which is parent container) we can catch all events raised of that event type by every container in the package. This is powerful because it saves us from building event handlers for each task in the package. A container has an option to opt out of having its events captured by an event handler. Lets say, you had a sequence container for which you didnt find it important to capture events, you can then simply switch them off using the sequence containers DisableEventHandlers property. If are looking to capture only certain events of that sequence task by an event handler, you could control this using the System::Propogate variable. We recommend you to use se